Check Up

General blood, Sugar, Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL, Urine General, SGPT, γ- GT, TKE, Total bilirubin, Total proteins, Albumin, CPK, D-dimer, LDH, K, Na , Ferritin, Troponin, TSH

• With 1 sampling, antigen detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and influenza viruses type A and B is carried out.
• Results are available within 30 minutes and are also sent electronically.
• The service is also provided at home

• IgG antibodies indicate whether someone has had the virus in the past and is immune either from vaccination or disease.
• The test is done by drawing blood and the results are also sent electronically.
• The service is also provided at home

Check up of men 40-65 years old

The cost of analyzes of the basic male check-up with PSA and free-PSA is 70 euros and is further determined by the additional analyzes that may be requested

The cost for all analyzes of the package is 150 euros

The results are given the next day.

For men in this age we rely on the General check up of men aged 18-40. We pay additional attention to the prevention of prostate cancer, which is one of the leading causes of death for middle-aged and older men. Of particular importance are the indicators of intravascular inflammation, which reveal risks of cardiovascular events. Optionally, a choice is made between the most important neoplasia indicators, with an emphasis on those of the gastrointestinal system, but also a control of the male’s sex hormones, related to the health of his sexual ability.

The additional tests that are recommended in addition to the Check up for men 18-40, are:

PSA (prostate antigen) and optionally free-PSA (free prostate antigen) are probably the most important test for the man over 40 years of age, for the early detection of prostate cancer. The value of the test makes it for many doctors the most necessary among the tests of the annual preventive check up. It is evaluated by comparing the results obtained per year.
In addition to the use of PSA as an indicator of neoplasia, it is also used as a tool to detect prostate infections (prostatitis) which are particularly common among men. Their early detection is essential for their timely treatment and safeguarding the health of the gland.

The value of CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) is evident from the fact that it is a general marker of neoplasia and is associated with the most frequent neoplastic diseases of almost the entire body (liver, thyroid, larynx, esophagus, rectum, testes, bladder, pancreas, colon , lung, stomach).

The aFP analysis (a – fetal protein) is a specific indicator of inflammation – neoplasia of the liver and also of the testicles.

CA 19-9 (cancer antigen 19-9) is a specific indicator of inflammation – neoplasia of the pancreas, colon, liver, stomach.

Testo (testosterone), free-Testo (free testosterone) are about the measurement of the most important androgen hormone in men. It is mainly used in the detection of the hormone-dependent cause of the limited sexual mood and ability, as well as the general well-being of the man.

In preparation for the morning blood draw and examination, the following are recommended:

• to have a meal the night before.
• the last meal should be taken up to 11-12 hours before blood sampling.
• the evening meal should have as little animal fat as possible (if it contains cheeses, fatty dairy products and meats).
• in the morning no meal should be taken, only coffee and a piece of toast, with free drinking of water.

For taking the urine:

• collected first thing in the morning.
• local washing with plenty of water, without soap.
• discard the first urine of urination and collect a small amount of the middle urine in a special urine-collector.

Women from 65 years old

Final price 115 euros

The results are given the next day

For older women, we use the general check up, and we also pay special attention to the correct ratio of trace elements and vitamins. Lack of food, limited absorption of trace elements, possible dehydration, but also possibly burdened kidney function as well as polypharmacy are the main causes for these disorders. Additionally, thyroid function, which is often hypoactive, is routinely checked, and neoplasia markers for the gastrointestinal and lower genital tract are optionally checked.

So beyond the analyzes of the general Check Up ( General blood count with measurement of white blood cells and platelets, TKE, Sugar, Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid, HDL cholesterol, LDL, Triglycerides, Total lipids, Atheromatous index, CRP quantitative high sensitivity, γ-GT , transaminases, general urine), the following are recommended:

• Calcium (Ca,) Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg) are the main trace elements of man. At older ages, food malabsorption problems, changing nutritional conditions, but also medication can significantly modify their levels, degrading the health of older women.
• Vitamin B12 (Vit.B12) and folic acid (Folate acid), often at older ages are at lower levels than desired mainly due to absorption problems, causing anemia, cachexia and also neurological problems.
• Vitamin D3 is necessary for the absorption of calcium in the bones, while it has an anti-cancer effect. Possible lack of it can worsen or even cause osteoporosis
• Iron (Fe) and the main store of iron, ferritin (Ferr), are selected in combination to investigate possible iron deficiency. Signs of iron deficiency are brittle hair and nails, feeling tired and fainting tendencies.
• Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+) – electrolytes are the most important salts in the body that are regulated through the kidneys, whose function deteriorates significantly at older ages. Disruption of their levels can cause confusion, drowsiness and affect mental functions, even dangerously deregulate heart function. Tests are absolutely necessary in cases of chronic medication and especially in cases of taking diuretic and cardiac drugs.
• Total proteins (TP), Albumins (Alb), are indicators of proper nutrition (quantitative and qualitative), but also indicators of the correct functioning of the metabolism and the health of the immune system.
• TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) gives a first picture of the functional performance of the thyroid, which often in older women is underactive, giving signs of fatigue, moodiness, sleepiness.

Optionals can be additionally:

Neoplasia markers CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), aFP (α-fetal globulin), CA 19-9 (cancer antigen 19-9), CA 125 (cancer antigen 125) are checked for inflammation and neoplasia in the most important organs of the body, including the gastrointestinal system – lower gynecological.

In preparation for the morning blood draw and examination, the following are recommended:

• to have a meal the night before.
• the last meal should be taken up to 11-12 hours before blood sampling.
• the evening meal should have as little animal fat as possible (if it contains cheeses, fatty dairy products and meats).
• in the morning no meal should be taken, only coffee and a piece of toast, with free drinking of water.

For taking the urine:

• collected first thing in the morning.
• local washing with plenty of water, without soap.
• discard the first urine of urination and collect a small amount of the middle urine in a special urine collector.

The analysis package can be modified according to the examinee’s needs.

Basic Check up for children

Final price 55 euros

The results are given the same day.

For children aged 3-12 years, we use the analysis package of the basic Check up, with which the necessary check of hemodynamics, kidneys and liver, the measurement of sugar, cholesterol – lipids, and urinary, is carried out, with the exams:

However, the particularities of childhood (allergies, tonsillitis, possible nutritional deficiency, etc.) as well as the need for early detection of additional risk factors from possible familial dyslipidemia, require additional analyses.

The most important additional analyzes proposed are:

Immunoglobulins E (IgE)
They are the main indicator of allergic reactions of all types.

Allergies affect about 30% of children. The unnecessary activation of the immune system by allergic reactions, on the one hand, creates an environment for the perpetuation of allergies even at older ages, on the other, it exhausts the body as a whole and creates more general sensitivities.

The early detection of allergic reactions in children is extremely important as it provides information to avoid factors that cumulatively enhance the allergic reactivity of the individual. With the right information and the appropriate preventive measures, we can avoid even the most dangerous allergic shock, which usually occurs during the holiday season and in places with limited possibilities of immediate medical treatment (e.g. from an insect bite).

In the event that elevated levels of IgE are found, then specialized allergy indicators (rast tests) can be analyzed further, for the exact identification of allergens (dusts – pollens – foods) with the suggestion of a pediatrician – allergist.

Antistreptolysin (ASO)
It is the test for detecting a possible infection of the tonsils by streptococcus. The detection of streptococcal infection is used as a criterion for evaluating future fever. The infection is very common among children, and in an exacerbation phase requires immediate treatment to avoid possible serious side effects (e.g. heart attack).

Iron (Fe) and Ferritin (Ferr).
The tests are performed in combination to assess the adequacy of dietary iron in children.
The increased consumption of dairy products common in childhood often creates problems in the absorption of iron (cow’s milk is poor in iron, but the intake of calcium itself interferes with the absorption of iron).
Possible lack of iron, in addition to anemia with symptoms of fatigue, can bring a general change in behavior in children, even learning difficulties.

In preparation for the morning blood draw and examination, the following are recommended:

• to have a meal the night before.
• the last meal should be taken up to 11-12 hours before blood sampling.
• the evening meal should have as little animal fat as possible (if it contains cheeses, fatty dairy products and meats).
• in the morning no meal should be taken, except for tea with a piece of toast, with free drinking of water.

For taking the urine:

• collected first thing in the morning.
• local washing with plenty of water, without soap.
• discard the first urine of urination and collect a small amount of the middle urine in a special urine collector.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

The personalization of the check up takes into account multiple parameters of the child’s personal and family history. Depending on the case, the selection of tests may be limited to those absolutely necessary for the basic check up, but may also contain analyzes that are not mentioned on this page. For this reason consult your pediatrician or your family doctor

Teenagers 13-18 years old

The cost for the standard adolescent check up which includes the basic check up + Ferr, TSH) is 60 euros.

The results are given the same day.

For teenagers, we use the analysis package of the basic Check up, with which the necessary check of the hemodynamics, kidneys and liver, the measurement of sugar and cholesterol-lipids as well as the urinary is carried out, with the tests:

The peculiarities of adolescence (sports activities, possible nutritional deficiency, sexual behavior, etc.) as well as the need for early detection of risk factors from possible familial dyslipidemia, create the need to check additional analyses.

The most important analyzes are:

Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)
It is an enzyme found inside muscle cells, and is used in teenagers as an indicator of muscle strain from sports, in order to avoid possible overtraining and possible injuries to muscles and ligaments. The test can provide additional information about other pathological diseases in cases of muscle pain and weakness without an obvious reason.

Iron (Fe) and Ferritin (Ferr).
The tests are performed in combination to assess the adequacy of dietary iron in children.
The increased consumption of dairy products common in childhood often creates problems in the absorption of iron (cow’s milk is poor in iron, but the intake of calcium itself interferes with the absorption of iron).
Possible lack of iron, in addition to anemia with symptoms of fatigue, can bring a general change in behavior in children, even learning difficulties.

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
The measurement of the hormone is the main analysis of the thyroid, which assesses the regulation of the gland by the respective levels of the hormones T3 and T4.
The correct regulation of the thyroid is necessary for the balanced physical development and behavior of adolescents.
The analysis is particularly recommended for children with parents who have a history of thyroid diseases, as well as for children who show a lack of growth, weight – concentration – sleep disorders or have expressions of anxiety.

In preparation for the morning blood draw and examination, the following are recommended:

• to have a meal the night before.
• the last meal should be taken up to 11-12 hours before blood sampling.
• the evening meal should have as little animal fat as possible (if it contains cheeses, fatty dairy products and meats).
• in the morning no meal should be taken, only coffee and a piece of toast, with free drinking of water.

For taking the urine:

• collected first thing in the morning.
• local washing with plenty of water, without soap.
• discard the first urine of urination and collect a small amount of the middle urine in a special urine collector.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

The personalization of the check up takes into account multiple parameters of the child’s personal and family history. Depending on the case, the choice of tests can be limited to those absolutely necessary for the basic check up, but it can also contain analyzes that are not mentioned here. For this reason consult your pediatrician, or your family doctor or ask us by phone to give you more information and recommendations.

Thyroid disorders

The thyroid gland is a key organ in the regulation of metabolism. The hormones it produces (T3 and T4) are absorbed by all cells of the body and regulate their metabolic rate. The hyperfunction of the gland, i.e. the high production of T3 and T4 is associated with nervousness, poor sleep, hypertension, tachycardia, excessive sweating, hand tremors, confusion, unexplained weight loss, etc.

Its hypofunction in the opposite case is associated with bradycardia, feeling tired, sleepy, confusion, nervousness, weight gain, etc.

The recommended tests are the measurement of:

T3 (triiodothyronine), fT3 (free triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), fT4 (free thyroxine): the hormones produced by the thyroid and their biologically active fractions.

TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone): the brain hormone that regulates thyroid function, from the measurement of which conclusions are drawn about its hypo/hyperfunction.

Anti-TPO (anti-thyroid antibodies), anti-TG (anti-thyroglobulin antibodies: the main anti-thyroid antibodies. Tests can predict incipient hypofunction of the gland and are used to diagnose Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease.

Thyroglobulin (TG), calcitonin (CT), CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen): markers with which neoplasms and carcinomas in the gland can be detected. Analyzes are recommended in cases where there are indications of neoplastic disease.

No specific preparation or diet is required for thyroid tests, as food does not affect the function of the gland or the analyzes themselves. Blood sampling can be done at any time of the day.

Caution is only needed for people who are on thyroid medication, as they should not have taken their medication before the blood draw, unless their doctor tells them otherwise.

The cost of analyzes is configured according to the level of control:

• Preliminary test with TSH: .: 10 euros.
• Level A (basic control) with T3, fT4, TSH: 35 euros
• B’ level (additional test for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) with T3, fT4, TSH, anti-TPO, anti-TG: 60 euros .
• Level C with all 10 analyses, which includes additional thyroid cancer markers: 120 euros.

Note: The check up of the thyroid is completed with its ultrasound imaging. For more information please contact the laboratory.

Allergological Check Up

By measuring eosinophils (a specific type of white immune cell) and by measuring IgE immunoglobulins, we first check if there is an allergic reaction in the body.

Once the allergy is established, we identify the natural or artificial substances that cause allergic reactions through specialized analyses, the Rast test. With Rast we detect and quantitatively measure the presence of IgE antibodies of an allergic reaction for each substance separately. The main categories are:

• Rast G : GRASS POLLEN (wild grass, grass, reeds, oats, rye, corn, etc.)
• Rast W: POLLEN from WILD HERB (weed, daisy, radish, nettle, pansy, chamomile, clove, rose, etc.)
• Rast T : POLLEN from TREES (hazelnut, olive, walnut, sycamore, elm, willow, eucalyptus, orange, almond, fir, mulberry, etc.)
• Rast D : ACAREA
• Rast H : HOMEMADE POWDER
• Rast B – K – O: FABRICS (linen, wool, silk, latex, cotton)
• Rast F : FOOD

EGG (white, yolk, ovalbumin which is destroyed by boiling, obomycin which is not destroyed by boiling)

DAIRY PRODUCTS (cow-goat-sheep milk, yogurt-milk powder, etc.)

CEREALS (wheat flour, rye flour, corn flour, rice, sesame, gluten, etc.)

FRUIT (orange, strawberry, apple, kiwi, melon, banana, peach, fig, avocado, nectarine, apricot, cherry, plum, grape, tangerine, watermelon, etc.)

NUTS (peanuts, hazelnuts, almonds, walnuts, chestnuts, etc.)

VEGETABLES (peas, soybeans, beans, tomato, carrot potato, onion, corn, celery, pumpkin, lettuce, cabbage, broccoli, eggplant, etc.)

MEAT (pork, beef, chicken, lamb, rabbit, turkey)

FISH (cod, crab, grayling, mussel, tuna, salmon, octopus, sardine, perch, squid, sole, trout, lobster)

OTHER (mustard, cocoa, chamomile, coffee, cinnamon, tea, honey, oregano, etc.)

• Rast E : ANIMAL EPITHELIUM (cat, dog, horse, cow, goat, rabbit, hamster, chicken, duck, parrot, pigeon, etc.)
• Rast I : INSECTS (bee venom – wasp, fly, mosquito, horsefly, etc.)
• Rast C : DRUGS (in various antibiotics penicillin, erythromycin, amoxil, cefaclore, ciprofloxacin etc.)

For reasons of economy and simplification of control, we have specific packages for the simultaneous detection of allergens grouped by category, the combined Rast. The main ones in this category are: :

GRASSES

• cRast GP1 Grass Mix (Early Bloom): (g3) Arboretum Grass, (g4) Meadow Grass, (g5) Grass, (g6) Clover, (g8) Meadow Flower Grass
• cRast GP2 Grass mix (early bloom): (g2) gorse, (g5) grass, (g6) clover, (g8) meadow flower grass, (g10) sorghum, (g17) sedge.
• cRast GP4 Grass mix (early bloom): (g1) grass, (g5) grass, (g7) reeds, (g12) rye, (g13) sticky grass

WEED POLLEN

• cRast WP3 Weed mix: (w6) weed, artemisia, (w9) lamb’s tongue, pentaneurus, dascillia, (w10) sedum, gorse, (w12) goldenrod, (w20) nettle.

TREE POLLEN

• cRast TP4 Tree pollen mix: (t7) oak, oak, (t8) elm, (t11) sycamore, (t12) willow, (t14) poplar.

INSPIRED

• cRast IP8 Inhalants: (d1) mite, (e1) epithelium – cat dander, (e5) dog dander, (g6) bark or lemongrass, clover (pollen), (g12) cultivated rye (pollen), (m2) cladosporium herbarum, (t3) birch (pollen), (w6) weed, artemisia (pollen).
• cRast IP10 Inhalable seasonals: (t9) olive (pollen), (t11) sycamore (pollen), (t23) cypress or evergreen, cypress (pollen), (w9) lamb’s tongue, pentaneuro, dasylus (pollen), (w19) partridge ( pollen).

FOOD

• cRast FP5 : (f1) egg white, (f2) cow’s milk, (f3) cod, (f4) wheat flour, (f13) peanut, (f14) soy.
• cRast FP 15 fruit mix : (f33) orange, (f49) apple, (f92) banana, (f95) peach

• cRast FP 1 mixed nuts : (f13) peanut, (f17) hazelnut, (f18) Brazil nut, (f20) almond, (f36) coconut.

• cRast FP51 Vegetable and mustard mix: (f25) tomato, (f31) carrot, (f35) potato, (f47) garlic, (f89) mustard.
• cRast FP2 Fish/shellfish mix: (f3) cod, (f24) shrimp, (f37) mussel, (f40) tuna, (f41) salmon.
• cRast fx71 : Spice mix : (f265) cumin, (Rf266) nutmeg, (Rf267) cardamom, (f268) clove
• cRast fx72 : Spice mix : (f269) basil, (Rf219) fennel, (f270) ginger, (f271) anise

ANIMAL ALLERGENS

• cRast EP70 rodent mixture: (e6) guinea pig, (e82) rabbit epithelium, (e84) hamster epithelium, (e87) rat, (e88) mouse
• cRast EP71 Farm Bird Feathers: (e70) Goose Feathers, (e85) Chicken Feathers, (e86) Duck Feathers, (e89) Turkey Feathers
• cRast EP72 feathers of domestic birds : (e78) Australian parrot feathers, (e91) parrot feathers, (e201) canary feathers

HOUSE DUST

• HP1 House dust mixture: (h1) house dust, (d1) mite, (d2) mite, (i6) cockroach.

YEAST FUNGI

• cRAST MP1: (m1) penicillium notatum, (m2) cldosporium herbarum, (m3) aspergillus fumigatus, (m5) candida albicans, (m6) latenaria alternata

CLEANERS – DISINFECTANTS

• cRAST paX6 : (k78) ethylene oxide, (k79) phthalic acid, (k80) formaldehyde, (k85) chloramin T

No preparation or diet is required, and blood sampling can be done at any time of the day

Results are given within 5 days.

The cost for:

• Measurement of eosinophils – IgE is 25 euros.
• Measurement of each specialized Rast is 12 -15 euros.
• Measurement of each combined Rast is 25-30 euros depending on the type.

Anemia

Anemias can mainly come from:

• Mediterranean anemia stigma
• blood loss (mainly from the gastrointestinal tract)
• poor diet – lack of hematopoietic elements (e.g. prolonged diets in animal products)
• dysplasia – aplasia of the marrow – hematological diseases
• prolonged immobility – kidney failure
• Autoimmune Diseases
• use of drugs that suppress the marrow

With the General blood test, we detect anemia by directly measuring the hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (HGB) which together show the blood’s content of red blood cells and their quality in terms of hemoglobin content.

At the same time, we check special parameters that categorize the type of anemia in the first stage. Among the parameters that are checked are the following:

• mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) with indirect information on iron deficiency (-), lack of hematopoietic vitamins (+), dysplasia (+), Mediterranean stigma (-), etc.
• mean content and concentration of hemoglobin (MCH, MCHC) which mainly evaluates iron deficiencies
• erythrocyte distribution range (RDW-CV) which evaluates mainly in the stigma of mesenchymal anemia, myeloid dysplasia and the degree of erythrocyte renewal

Microscopic blood examination: the morphology and quality of all blood cells (red, white, platelets) are checked under the microscope for further categorization of anemia, while possible suspicion of hematological disease or marrow dysplasia is additionally checked.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): we exclude the existence of long-term inflammatory disease or severe disease of the marrow, or other central disease that may have caused the anemia.

Reticulocytes (RBCs) showing the rate of erythrocyte turnover giving information on marrow productivity

Iron (Fe) and its main stores ferritin (Ferr) and transferrin (Trf): assess the sufficiency of iron in the body. Simply measuring iron is not enough, as iron fluctuates greatly from day to day and even within a day. This happens because iron, as a toxic metal, is found free in trace amounts in the blood for the immediate needs of the body, while its main volume is stored mainly in ferritin and transferrin. Even ‘falsely low’ iron values can appear for many reasons (fatigue – inflammation – fever, etc.), which are only revealed with the simultaneous measurement of stores. Note that giving iron to people with ‘falsely low’ iron results can be particularly burdensome

C reactive protein (CRP): its measurement is carried out to rule out the presence of inflammation, which can give ‘false’ values in iron, ferritin and transferrin, thus making it difficult to evaluate the results.

Iron-binding capacity (TIBC) provides information on the adequate transport of iron within the body, and its ability to absorb it.

Folic acid (Folic acid) and vitamin B12 (Vit. B12): are the most necessary hematopoietic vitamins. We often find them at low levels in people with poor nutrition or in the elderly, who are malnourished or have difficulty absorbing them due to age or medication use.

Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and total bilirubin (TBil): by measuring them, we find out if there is a normal way of blood renewal – regeneration, and situations of hemolysis – blood destruction within the body are excluded.

Celiac disease: is a strongly inherited autoimmune condition. It is characterized by intolerance to gluten (a protein found in wheat, barley, oats and rye). In this condition, the absorption of iron and vitamin B12 is prevented and can long-term create chronic iron deficiency anemia and the corresponding lack of the vitamin. By measuring antibodies against gliadin IgG/IgA, tissue traglutaminase IgG/IgM, and intracellular IgG/IgM we diagnose the condition indirectly, without the need for gastroscopy. These tests are recommended in cases of unexplained long-term inability to maintain ferritin levels, after treatment with iron.

Fecal hemoglobin (HGBocc) : recommended in established acute phase iron deficiency and in people suspected of blood loss from the gastrointestinal system.

No specific preparation or diet is required for these analyses, and blood sampling can be done at any time of the day.

For stool collection:

• We collect a small discharge sample in a special collector.

The results of the hematological and biochemical analyzes are given the same day, the results for the celiac antibodies in 3 working days.

The cost varies, depending on the analyzes to be chosen:

The basic check includes the simple check for iron deficiency (blood count, iron, ferritin) and costs 25 euros

A more complete check-up (general blood, TKE, DEK, TIBC, iron, ferritin, CRP, folic acid, vitamin B12) 70 euros.

Men over 65 years old

The cost of analyzes of the basic male check-up with PSA and free-PSA is 70 euros and is further determined by the additional analyzes that may be requested

The results are given the next day

In the preventive control of older men, we use the general check up, and additionally analyze the prostate, additional biochemical indicators, levels of trace elements and vitamins that may be disturbed by possible poor – insufficient absorption of food or possible dehydration. Optionally, neoplasia indicators of the main organs are checked, as well as the biochemical regulation of the thyroid.

Therefore, apart from the analyzes of the general Check Up (General blood with measurement of white blood cells and platelets, TKE, Sugar, Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid, Cholesterol HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, Total lipids, Atheromatous index, , γ-GT, transaminases, iron , electrolytes, general urine), the following are recommended:

• PSA (prostate antigen), gives a safe picture of prostate health at these ages, separating age-expected prostate hyperplasia from possible tissue cancer.
• Vitamin B12 (Vit. B12) and Folic Acid (Folic Acid) are nutritional elements that are often presented at low prices at these ages, due to the low needs in the quantity of the ingested food and also due to absorption problems that are intensified by possible polypharmacy. Low values are associated with anemia, fatigue, cachexia, and even neurological problems.
• Albumins (Total Proteins), Albumins (Alb) and Globins (Glob) are indirect indicators of proper nutrition (quantitative and qualitative) but also indicators of the proper functioning of liver metabolism and the general health of the immune system. Swelling in the lower limbs, fevers, bone pains are some of the indications of albumin disorders.
• Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P) and Magnesium (Mg) are the main trace elements of humans. At older ages, food malabsorption problems, changes in nutritional conditions and medication can significantly alter their levels, degrading the health of older men. Hives and muscle cramps are a strong indication of disorders of these trace elements.
• Electrolytes – Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+) Chloride (Cl-) are the most important salts in the body which are regulated through the kidneys. Because kidney function deteriorates significantly at older ages, disruption of their levels can cause confusion, drowsiness and affect mental functions, even dangerously dysregulating heart function. These tests are absolutely necessary in cases of chronic medication and especially in cases of diuretic and cardiac drugs that deregulate electrolyte levels.
• TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is the basic test that checks the productive capacity as well as the regulation of the thyroid. Possible hypothyroidism causes the cachexia and depression often seen in older people.

Optionals can be done additionally:

• Vitamin D3 is necessary for the absorption of calcium in the bones, while it has an anti-cancer effect, and especially in the significant reduction of the possibility of prostate cancer
• the tumor markers CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), aFP (a-fetal protein), CA 19-9 (tumor antigen 19-9) in combination, these markers detect the inflammations of the gastrointestinal system and abdominal organs in general that are common for age , or possible neoplasms.

In preparation for the morning blood draw and examination, the following are recommended:

• to have a meal the night before.
• the last meal should be taken up to 11-12 hours before blood sampling.
• the evening meal should have as little animal fat as possible (if it contains cheeses, fatty dairy products and meats).
• in the morning no meal should be taken, only coffee and a piece of toast, with free drinking of water.

For taking the urine:

• collected first thing in the morning.
• local washing with plenty of water, without soap.
• discard the first urine of urination and collect a small amount of the middle urine in a special urine collector.

Arthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and is caused by injuries, but also during the aging of the body. The percentages of men and women who get sick are the same until 50-55, but after this age it appears more frequently in women. Altering the characteristics of the ligaments gives severe pain and reduces their functionality.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease. In addition to the symptoms of osteoarthritis, it causes fever and cachexia. 75% of patients are women.

Gout mainly affects older men and is caused by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints. Pain in the big toe is characteristic.

The following tests are recommended, partially or in total, depending on the situation:

General blood, TKE, urea (Urea), creatinine (Crea), uric acid (Uric Acid), transaminases (ALT/AST), calcium (Ca), albumins (TP), albumins (Alb): performed in order to check the hemodynamic system, as well as kidney and liver function affected by arthritis.

C-reactive protein (CRP): assesses the level of inflammation caused by arthritis.

Rheumatoid factor (RF): used to diagnose and monitor rheumatoid arthritis.

Anti-citrulline antibodies (anti-CCP): used in conjunction with RF to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis.

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA): evaluated in rheumatoid arthritis to further evaluate autoimmune disease (can be combined with other diseases).

No specific preparation or diet is required for these analyses, and blood sampling can be done at any time of the day

The results are given in 2 working days.

The cost of analyzes starts from 30 euros (TKE, CRP, RF, uric acid) and for the complete examination goes to 130 euros

Menopausal women

The cost starts from 60 euros with the analyzes of the basic check up and Iron, Calcium and Ferritin

The combination of the analyzes of the basic check up with the analyzes of PTH, 25 (OH)D3, , freeT4, TSH, CEA, CA125 has a cost of 120 euros.

The results of the hematological analyzes are given in 2-3 days.

With menopause, women’s check-up begins with the basic Check up, iron deficiency and thyroid check-up, just like for younger women. But the behavior of the woman’s metabolism is modified on several levels. Among the changes that interest us the most are the differentiation of the lipid profile (mainly cholesterol) and bone metabolism expressed by osteopenia or osteoporosis, in which case we perform a series of new tests. Additional testing can also be done for neoplastic diseases of the genitals and intestines.

Thus, in addition to the analyzes of the basic Check up, the tests are recommended:

Ferritin (Ferr) to investigate possible iron deficiency. Signs of iron deficiency are brittle hair and nails, feeling tired and fainting tendencies.

Calcium (Ca) which is one of the most basic trace elements of metabolism and is associated with the physiology of many body systems, such as the thyroid, kidneys, bones, etc.

.Parathormone (PTH) which is the main regulatory hormone in calcium and bone metabolism.

Vitamin D3 25(OH) which is the vitamin responsible for the effective absorption of calcium from the bones, with a strong protective effect against viruses and cancers.

T3 (triiodothyronine), fT4 (free thyroxine), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), anti-TPO (anti-thyroid antibodies), anti-TG (anti-thyroglobulin antibodies) which are a package of thyroid tests that check both its biochemical performance and regulation thyroid, as well as the existence of autoantibodies that can destroy its function over time. Women are generally more likely to suffer from thyroid diseases, which can dangerously deregulate heart function as well as the woman’s general metabolism and psyche.

CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), CA 19.9 (cancer antigen 19.9), CA 15.3 (cancer antigen 15.3), CA 125 (cancer antigen 125). With these analyses, it is possible to detect inflammations as well as neoplasias in time, in ovaries, breasts, but also in the liver and intestine.

In preparation for the morning blood draw and examination, the following are recommended:

• to have a meal the night before.
• the last meal should be taken up to 11-12 hours before blood sampling.
• the evening meal should have as little animal fat as possible (if it contains cheeses, fatty dairy products and meats).
• in the morning no meal should be taken, only coffee and a piece of toast, with free drinking of water.

For taking the urine:

• collected first thing in the morning.
• local washing with plenty of water, without soap.
• discard the first urine of urination and collect a small amount of the middle urine in a special urine collector.

.

Menstrual Disorders and Fertility

The instability of a woman’s cycle can come from many causes. Blood tests will detect hormonal disorders, anemia and infections that can affect a woman’s cycle and her fertility, often to a great extent.

General blood, C-reactive protein (CRP), iron (Fe) ferritin (Ferr): used to assess iron sufficiency in women of childbearing age. In cases of severe iron deficiency, great instability in the cycle can be observed, and even amenorrhoea for some time.

LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), estradiol (E2), progesterone (PRG): the main hormones regulating the woman’s cycle, responsible for the maturation of the egg and its attachment to the placenta.

Prolactin (PRL): in elevated values it is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, a condition cited as one of the most important reasons for infertility.

Testosterone, free testosterone (Testo, freeTesto), DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone), DHEA-S (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate), Δ-4 (Δ-4 androstenedione): hormones known as “androgens”, which interfere with the normal cycle, competing with female hormones.

T3 (triiodothyronine), freeT4 (free thyroxine), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), anti-TPO (anti-thyroid antibodies), anti-TG (anti-thyroglobulin antibodies): thyroid analyses, which check for possible gland dysfunction that can disrupt cycle and cause infertility.

CA 125 (cancer antigen 125): ovarian neoplasia marker that detects possible endometriosis (inflammation of the ovaries), which is associated with infertility.

Vaginal cultures: are done for aerobic and anaerobic microbes, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, chlamydia, parasites that can affect the cycle, which can even cause infertility if left untreated for a long time.

Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and Inhibin B: their analysis is additionally recommended for women over 40, in order to assess the sufficiency of available eggs for maturation and fertilization.

There is no need for any nutritional preparation, nor do we need to be fasting before the blood collection.

Blood tests are carried out on the 2nd – 4th day of the cycle (the first day is considered the day when the period first appears if it is before 20.00 in the evening, otherwise the next day is taken as the first).

Progesterone (PRG) is done on day 21.

Cultures are taken on the 10th – 15th day of the cycle and you need to make an appointment.

The results are given in 2-3 working days.

The cost of the analyzes varies depending on the choice of the analyzes to be done, with the basic hormonal test (Gen blood, CRP, Fe, Ferr, LH, FSH, PRL, E2, Testo, TSH) costing 100

Vaginal cultures (complete) cost 50 euros.

Hair growth disorders

With the basic Check Up, an initial overall supervisory assessment of our health (mainly kidney and liver function) is made, to ensure that there is no systemic disease that can participate in the low quality of the scalp.

Iron (Fe) and iron reserves with ferritin (Ferr) are checked, because in situations of iron deficiency the hair thins, breaks, falls.

The vitamins: folic acid (Folic acid), B12 (Vit. B12), A (Vit. A), C (Vit. C) are checked to be at normal levels for hair health.

Zinc (Zn) is an independent factor in the healthy construction of hair.

LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), Testo (testosterone), E2 (estradiol) are the body’s main hormones with a direct effect on hair growth (over and under hair growth), in men and women.

By measuring fT4 (free thyroxine) and TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), the basic examination of the thyroid is done, in order to rule out possible hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism that may affect the quality of the hair.

In preparation for the morning blood draw and examination, the following are recommended:

• to have a meal the night before.
• the last meal should be taken up to 11-12 hours before blood sampling.
• the evening meal should have as little animal fat as possible (if it contains cheeses, fatty dairy products and meats).
• in the morning no meal should be taken, only coffee and a piece of toast, with free drinking of water.

• .

Results are given in 3 days.

The cost depends on the degree of control

Food intolerance

The intolerance test is chosen in order to determine whether there is a reaction of the immune system against specific foods. This reaction can cause:

• fluid retention and therefore higher weight maintenance.
• locking the metabolism at low levels and therefore the inability to lose weight with relatively relaxed diets.

There are many reports of cases of intolerance, symptoms of bloating, bowel dysfunctions, cachexia, etc.

In this specific test, IgG antibodies are detected against each food separately (it is NOT a white cell polarity test, nor a body electromagnetism test, which are of dubious scientific support and usefulness).

In the IgG intolerance test, antibodies against:

Almond , Cottage Cheese , Pepper , Pear , Sunflower Seed , American Cheese , Cured Cheese , Blackberry , Pepper , Sweet Potato , Apple , Pea , Honey , Black Eyed Pea , Tea , Artichoke , Chicken , Lamb , Pineapple , Tomato , Asparagus , Chocolate , Lemon , Trout , Avocado , Cinnamon , Lentils , Pork , Tuna , Banana , Mollusks , Beans , Potato , Turkey , Barley , Cod , Lobster , Rabbit , Rice , Walnut , Beef , Coffee , Malt , Rye , Wheat , Cabbage , Cola Nut eggplant , Onion , Spinach , Carrot , Garlic , Orange , Pumpkin , Cauliflower , Grape , Parsley , Squid , Celery , Grapefruit , Peach , Strawberry , Sweetcorn , Pea , Peanut , Beans.

No preparation or diet is required, and blood sampling can be done at any time of the day.

Results are given within 5 days.

The cost of the test of 90 analyzes is 300 euros.

Allergological Check Up

By measuring eosinophils (a specific type of white immune cell) and by measuring IgE immunoglobulins, we first check if there is an allergic reaction in the body.

Once the allergy is established, we identify the natural or artificial substances that cause allergic reactions through specialized analyses, the Rast test. With Rast we detect and quantitatively measure the presence of IgE antibodies of an allergic reaction for each substance separately. The main categories are:

• Rast G : GRASS POLLEN (wild grass, grass, reeds, oats, rye, corn, etc.)
• Rast W: POLLEN from WILD HERB (weed, daisy, radish, nettle, pansy, chamomile, clove, rose, etc.)
• Rast T : POLLEN from TREES (hazelnut, olive, walnut, sycamore, elm, willow, eucalyptus, orange, almond, fir, mulberry, etc.)
• Rast D : ACAREA
• Rast H : HOMEMADE POWDER
• Rast B – K – O: FABRICS (linen, wool, silk, latex, cotton)
• Rast F : FOOD

EGG (white, yolk, ovalbumin which is destroyed by boiling, obomycin which is not destroyed by boiling)

DAIRY PRODUCTS (cow-goat-sheep milk, yogurt-milk powder, etc.)

CEREALS (wheat flour, rye flour, corn flour, rice, sesame, gluten, etc.)

FRUIT (orange, strawberry, apple, kiwi, melon, banana, peach, fig, avocado, nectarine, apricot, cherry, plum, grape, tangerine, watermelon, etc.)

NUTS (peanuts, hazelnuts, almonds, walnuts, chestnuts, etc.)

VEGETABLES (peas, soybeans, beans, tomato, carrot potato, onion, corn, celery, pumpkin, lettuce, cabbage, broccoli, eggplant, etc.)

MEAT (pork, beef, chicken, lamb, rabbit, turkey)

FISH (cod, crab, grayling, mussel, tuna, salmon, octopus, sardine, perch, squid, sole, trout, lobster)

OTHER (mustard, cocoa, chamomile, coffee, cinnamon, tea, honey, oregano, etc.)

• Rast E : ANIMAL EPITHELIUM (cat, dog, horse, cow, goat, rabbit, hamster, chicken, duck, parrot, pigeon, etc.)
• Rast I : INSECTS (bee venom – wasp, fly, mosquito, horsefly, etc.)
• Rast C : DRUGS (in various antibiotics penicillin, erythromycin, amoxil, cefaclore, ciprofloxacin etc.)

For reasons of economy and simplification of control, we have specific packages for the simultaneous detection of allergens grouped by category, the combined Rast. The main ones in this category are: :

GRASSES

• cRast GP1 Grass Mix (Early Bloom): (g3) Arboretum Grass, (g4) Meadow Grass, (g5) Grass, (g6) Clover, (g8) Meadow Flower Grass
• cRast GP2 Grass mix (early bloom): (g2) gorse, (g5) grass, (g6) clover, (g8) meadow flower grass, (g10) sorghum, (g17) sedge.
• cRast GP4 Grass mix (early bloom): (g1) grass, (g5) grass, (g7) reeds, (g12) rye, (g13) sticky grass

WEED POLLEN

• cRast WP3 Weed mix: (w6) weed, artemisia, (w9) lamb’s tongue, pentaneurus, dascillia, (w10) sedum, gorse, (w12) goldenrod, (w20) nettle.

TREE POLLEN

• cRast TP4 Tree pollen mix: (t7) oak, oak, (t8) elm, (t11) sycamore, (t12) willow, (t14) poplar.

INSPIRED

• cRast IP8 Inhalants: (d1) mite, (e1) epithelium – cat dander, (e5) dog dander, (g6) bark or lemongrass, clover (pollen), (g12) cultivated rye (pollen), (m2) cladosporium herbarum, (t3) birch (pollen), (w6) weed, artemisia (pollen).
• cRast IP10 Inhalable seasonals: (t9) olive (pollen), (t11) sycamore (pollen), (t23) cypress or evergreen, cypress (pollen), (w9) lamb’s tongue, pentaneuro, dasylus (pollen), (w19) partridge ( pollen).

FOOD

• cRast FP5 : (f1) egg white, (f2) cow’s milk, (f3) cod, (f4) wheat flour, (f13) peanut, (f14) soy.
• cRast FP 15 fruit mix : (f33) orange, (f49) apple, (f92) banana, (f95) peach

• cRast FP 1 mixed nuts : (f13) peanut, (f17) hazelnut, (f18) Brazil nut, (f20) almond, (f36) coconut.

• cRast FP51 Vegetable and mustard mix: (f25) tomato, (f31) carrot, (f35) potato, (f47) garlic, (f89) mustard.
• cRast FP2 Fish/shellfish mix: (f3) cod, (f24) shrimp, (f37) mussel, (f40) tuna, (f41) salmon.
• cRast fx71 : Spice mix : (f265) cumin, (Rf266) nutmeg, (Rf267) cardamom, (f268) clove
• cRast fx72 : Spice mix : (f269) basil, (Rf219) fennel, (f270) ginger, (f271) anise

ANIMAL ALLERGENS

• cRast EP70 rodent mixture: (e6) guinea pig, (e82) rabbit epithelium, (e84) hamster epithelium, (e87) rat, (e88) mouse
• cRast EP71 Farm Bird Feathers: (e70) Goose Feathers, (e85) Chicken Feathers, (e86) Duck Feathers, (e89) Turkey Feathers
• cRast EP72 feathers of domestic birds : (e78) Australian parrot feathers, (e91) parrot feathers, (e201) canary feathers

HOUSE DUST

• HP1 House dust mixture: (h1) house dust, (d1) mite, (d2) mite, (i6) cockroach.

YEAST FUNGI

• cRAST MP1: (m1) penicillium notatum, (m2) cldosporium herbarum, (m3) aspergillus fumigatus, (m5) candida albicans, (m6) latenaria alternata

CLEANERS – DISINFECTANTS

• cRAST paX6 : (k78) ethylene oxide, (k79) phthalic acid, (k80) formaldehyde, (k85) chloramin T

No preparation or diet is required, and blood sampling can be done at any time of the day

Results are given within 5 days.

The cost for:

• Measurement of eosinophils – IgE is 23 euros.
• Measurement of each specialized Rast is 12 -15 euros.
• Measurement of each combined Rast is 25-30 euros depending on the type.

Thrombophilia

Thrombophilia is characterized by the condition in which hematological disorders give the tendency to form clots in any random part of the body.

The formation of clots can be caused by acquired – environmental factors or by genetically transmitted factors or by their combination. Thrombophilia is associated with cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarctions, obstructive strokes, pulmonary embolisms, even at young ages, but also with miscarriages.

Biochemical and immunological analyzes of thrombophilia are aimed at people who

• have a personal or family history of blood clots;
• meet the cardiovascular risk criteria (smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, etc.)
• they will take contraceptives

The initial biochemical and immunological screening of thrombophilia is done by assays that directly detect coagulation disorders, by measuring the corresponding coagulation factors and by detecting immune factors that cause thrombophilia.

For the step-by-step analysis of these factors, we recommend the following two control packages:

A’ Control Level

Basic coagulation factors and the basic marker of intravascular inflammation associated with thrombophilia are measured.

Platelets (Plt): they are the cells of the natural mechanism of clot formation and hemostasis. Their increased values, which we often observe in inflammatory processes, are an indication of an increased risk of clot formation.

Prothrombin time (PT – INR): performed as an initial test of blood clotting time in laboratory conditions. If low values are found indicating hypercoagulability (INR < 1.00), then a repeat on another day and possibly additional tests are recommended.

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT): perform as a supplement to PT-INR a coagulation time measurement in laboratory conditions. Prolonged APTT times are associated with autoimmune diseases that cause thrombophilia.

Fibrinogen (Fibr): constitutes the ‘raw material’ for the normal formation of clots and hemostasis. Elevated levels are associated with increased chances of clot formation. Fibrinogen increases in inflammatory conditions (and smoking) that cause cardiovascular disease.

D-Dimers: are the degradation products of fibrinogen and clots that have probably been formed recently. Elevated levels generally indicate a present thrombotic state of the body, and an increased risk of thromboembolism.

Homocysteine (Hcy): is a marker of intravascular inflammation. High homocysteine values can be caused by vitamin deficiency, smoking, obesity or genetic factors. It is itself an irritant of the vessels and its values are proportional to the possibility of clot formation.

B’ Control Level

If the picture we have from the first level is not satisfactory, then we look for possible sources of thrombophilia from disorders of the immune system and autoimmune diseases.

Proteins S and C (PrS and PrC): reflect the state of the immune system. Their low values indicate possible long-term exhaustion of the immune system (possible long-term autoimmune diseases) and the increased possibility of blood clots.

Lupus anticoagulant (ptt-la): detects the presence of autoimmune lupus, which is an independent risk factor for thrombotic events.

Anticardiolipins (αCL IgG, αCL IgM, αCL IgA): are autoantibodies responsible for antiphospholipid syndrome. The specific autoantibodies affect the vessels and give an increased chance of clot formation.

Further molecular testing for thrombophilia (detection of gene mutations that cause thrombophilia) is recommended in cases where testing is required:

• in cases of infertility or recurrent miscarriages.
• in unspecified personal or family history of cardiovascular diseases – thromboembolism
• to clarify unexpected results of the above tests such as possible high homocysteine.

No specific preparation or special diet is required for the tests, as food does not affect the body’s coagulation. However, blood sampling is preferable to be done in the morning.

The results are given the next working day for level 1 analyzes and in 5 days for level 2 analyses.

The cost of analyzes is configured according to the level of control. For reference, this is:

Level A: 90 euros

B’ level: 150 euros

Vaginal Infection

Ulcers are common inflammatory conditions in the vagina and the general lower genital area of a woman. They can be caused by:

• bacterial, fungal and viral infections (which can also be sexually transmitted)
• irritations from chemicals in creams, sprays and from contact with certain clothes

Ulcers are often asymptomatic, but in the event that they present symptoms, they may be:

• Unexpected secretions with a peculiar – unpleasant smell
• Burning sensation during urination
• Itching or redness in the external urogenital area
• Discomfort or pain during or after intercourse

The analyzes that are done preventively to detect sinus infections are:

Level A in non-sexually transmitted infections

• Direct microscopic examination of vaginal fluids to assess vaginal flora and physiology
• Cultivation for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms
• Culture for fungi

An antibiogram may be requested in the case of a positive culture of aerobic / anaerobic microorganisms and an antimycogram in the case of a positive culture of fungi

Level B in sexually transmitted microbial infections

• Culture for chlamydia*
• Culture for mycoplasma*
• Culture for ureaplasma*
• Direct to trichomonads

Level C in sexually transmitted viral infections, with obvious skin lesions or obvious warts or after pap test suspected of HPV infection

• HPV detection and typing by DNA analysis in vaginal fluids.
• detection of antibodies against herpes HSV II in the blood

Briefly, the common infections that cause sinus infections are:

Candida fungal infections They are caused by one of the many types of fungi called Candida. Candida normally lives in small colonies in the vagina as well as in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract of men and women. Pathological fungal infections cause itching and redness and are usually not sexually transmitted. They are common after taking antibiotics, in cases of uncontrolled diabetes, pregnancy, and taking contraceptives. They can also appear in hormonal disorders, thyroid diseases, taking corticosteroids and in immune disorders. They are treated with the appropriate treatment indicated by the antimycotic chart, and can be with intravaginal suppositories, or orally

Common bacterial infections. A bacterial infection can be caused by a combination of bacteria. Their overgrowth is caused by an imbalance of the vaginal flora. It is not sexually transmitted, but usually occurs in sexually active women. While as a pathological condition it is not serious, it can increase the risk of other sexually transmitted diseases, but also create complications after gynecological operations 50% are asymptomatic, while in the remaining cases among the symptoms are abnormal secretions, fishy smell, especially after sexual intercourse, pain during urination, tingling and dry vagina. And here the treatment can be with intravaginal suppositories, or by mouth.

Trichomonas It is a sexually transmitted parasite. The infection can be asymptomatic but it can also cause frothy, greenish-yellow secretions with a bad smell, stinging, a burning sensation when urinating, a bad feeling in the lower abdominal area, but also pain in the vagina during sexual intercourse. Symptoms become more intense after menstruation.

Chlamydia are sexually transmitted parasites that are mostly asymptomatic. But they can also appear with symptoms of blood after sexual intercourse, and pain in the lower abdominal area. The examination should be done at the annual check-up level in women of childbearing age, since if chlamydia remains untreated, it can cause the woman to become infertile.

Genital herpes (HSV II) sexually transmitted and presents with pain symptoms combined with lesions or “sores.” Their verification requires a gynecological examination, or their detection with indirect blood tests that detect the presence of antibodies against the virus or direct molecular biology tests that detect the virus itself

The human papilloma virus (HPV) is sexually transmitted and is responsible for the creation of warts. These can appear in the cervix, intestine, or groin, and even in the pharyngeal cavity. Warts, when visible, appear white-gray or pinkish-purple. Their detection can be done with special molecular biology tests

Cultures for women are recommended to be done on the 12th-15th day of the period and are performed by taking vaginal discharge. You will need to contact the lab to make an appointment.

Blood tests are done without any preparation every day.

The results of the cultures are given in 2 – 3 working days.

The cost for:

• simple cultivation is 20 euros
• full vaginal cultures are 50 euros.
• detection and typing of the human papilloma virus (HPV/DNA) is 100 euros.

CYSTIC FIBROUS GENE CONTROL NEOSCREEN TESTING

Cystic fibrosis is the second most common serious hereditary disease, which is transmitted from parents, carriers of its gene mutations, to children.

MAIN CASES OF APPEARANCE – INDICATIONS – SIGNIFICANCE

The disease can be expressed when the same gene mutations from both parents are combined.

Reports indicate that 1 in 25 people in Europe are carriers of some cystic fibrosis mutation in the European population. In the absence of the relevant prenatal control, it results in 1 in 2,000 – 3,000 newborns suffering from this serious disease.

For Greece, it is estimated that there are 500,000 carriers of the disease mutations, and thus for most doctors, the relevant gene test, at the level of prenatal control, is deemed necessary.

The effects of the disease on the child who will be born with the disease are very serious in the function of the lungs, pancreas, liver and intestine. Despite recent advances in the medical treatment of the disease, the average life expectancy of people with cystic fibrosis is significantly reduced (​​<​​ 50 years in Canadian patients)

• Mutation F508del The specific mutation in the cystic fibrosis CFTR gene is analyzed, and which is also the most common mutation found in the literature, approximately, in 50% of cases of the disease.

Pannel CFTR 89% It is the most frequently requested mutation detection package and is performed by analyzing 186 independent alleles of the cystic fibrosis gene CFTR.

It is mentioned in the literature that in the general population of cases of the disease, the percentage of coverage with this specific disease is 89%.

Pannel CF 99.6% It is the most modern analysis of genes for cystic fibrosis and is, in practice, the “complete” analysis package in families where no case of the disease has been reported.

It is mentioned in the literature that in the general population of cases of the disease, the percentage of coverage with this specific disease is 99.6%.

it is always important to consult a qualified healthcare professional before having any genetic testing to ensure you fully understand the conditions being tested for and the interpretation of the results Pannel CF 99.6% It is the most modern analysis of genes for cystic fibrosis and is, in practice , the “complete” analysis package in families where no case of the disease has been reported.

Drugs

The detection of narcotic substances is done for:

• completing the job assessment in many professions (eg sighted police officers)
• monitoring unexplained behavior – suspected use in youth

The substances used are cocaine, amphetamines, cannabinoids, barbiturates and the like.

For these cases, urinalysis is required.

In order to use the results at work, it is recommended that the urine sample be taken in the laboratory. The report of the results can also be made in a foreign language if required.

In addition, blood alcohol levels can also be examined.

Detection time of substances in occasional users:

• Cocaine: 24 – 72 hours
• Amphetamines: 24 – 96 hours
• Cannabinoids: 2 – 5 days
• Barbiturates: 1 – 4 days
• Opiates: 24 – 72 hours

Drug test cost of 5 substances: 60 euros

Cost of detecting each substance separately: 15 euros

Results: Upon receipt of the sample by 12.30 a.m. response the next business afternoon

Osteoporosis

Bone is a “living organism” that is constantly being rebuilt through osteoclasts (bone-dissolving mechanism) and osteoblasts (bone-rebuilding mechanism). The two mechanisms are in balance, which can be disturbed for many reasons (menopause, genetic type, hormonal disorder, poor diet, smoking, lack of exercise, etc.) and lead to bone loss.

The relatively limited loss of bone mass called osteopenia does not have serious consequences. However, the increased loss leads to osteoporosis, a pathological condition for the bone tissue and with serious risks for fractures, mainly of the hips, spine and wrists.

Osteoporosis is now common in menopausal women, but it is a disease that is often found in men as well.

The analyzes are intended to detect in time the possible increased bone loss that leads to or worsens the osteoporosis disease, but also to detect possible hormonal disorders and deficiencies of elements necessary for bone health, so that the appropriate treatment can be given.

We recommend that the analyzes be performed on women:

• preventively before menopause, especially in those with parents with osteoporosis problems, so that they can be compared with those that will be done with the onset of menopause.
• with established osteopenia or osteoporosis before the start of treatment, so that the effectiveness of the treatment regimen can be evaluated with new measurements after treatment.

They fall into the category of detecting increased osteolysis, decreased bone synthesis, and factors that can affect bone health.

24-hour urine calcium (Ca-U-24h): it is measured to detect a possible increased rate of calcium excretion, which is associated with the rate of bone loss and the development of osteoporosis (without taking calcium supplements).

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) shows us if there is hyperfunction of the mechanisms of bone synthesis (anabolism).

Vitamin D3-25(OH): vitamin involved in the absorption of calcium from the bones. 50% of the elderly are deficient in the vitamin, mainly due to the limitation of its absorption.

T3 (triiodothyronine), fT4 (free thyroxine), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone): are checked to detect possible overactive thyroid gland, which increases the rate of bone resorption.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH): the key hormone regulating calcium metabolism produced by the parathyroid glands. Necessary examination in people who have undergone a thyroidectomy, an operation that most often affects the parathyroids.

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and estradiol (E2): their measurement is carried out in women approaching menopause and is a measure of women’s hormonal adequacy. In cases with a particularly heavy family history and with indications of future osteoporosis, these tests can determine the time to start hormone replacement therapy.

Albumin electrophoresis: performed to check and rule out serious metabolic diseases, which can affect bone metabolism.

Osteocalcin (BGP): by measuring it, we control the rate of bone synthesis and is an important prognostic indicator of osteoporosis.

24-hour urine cortisol (Cort-U-24h) can reveal possible adrenal hyperfunction, which negatively affects bone health.

Results are given within 3 working days.

The cost of analyzes is further shaped according to the choice of analyzes and personal needs.

Type I & II diabetes monitoring

With the basic Check up, we check whether diabetes has affected the body’s metabolism.

Elevated sugar levels have a detrimental effect on the entire vascular system of the body. The purpose of the further examinations is on the one hand to establish the successful regulation of diabetes and on the other hand to check the kidneys thoroughly, as they are particularly sensitive to high sugar levels. These exams are:

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1-c): this test shows average blood sugar levels over the past 45 days. Based on this, the effectiveness of diabetes treatment is evaluated.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP): is a particularly sensitive indicator of intravascular inflammation that can be caused by high sugar levels in diabetics.

24-hour urine proteins (TP-U-24h): reflects the health of the kidneys in the diabetic patient, having particular predictive value for their possible damage due to increased sugar levels.

Creatinine clearance (crea – clearance): is the best measure to evaluate the effective functioning of the kidneys with much greater sensitivity than the classic urea and creatinine tests.

Electrolytes (Na+ / K+): they are the body’s main salts, the concentration of which is regulated by the kidneys. Diabetic drugs that may be combined with other treatments can deregulate electrolytes with very serious consequences, especially in cardiac function.

General and urine culture: they are carried out in order to additionally check the health of the kidneys, but mainly to rule out the existence of a possible asymptomatic urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infections in diabetics are common, as sugar passes into the urine and creates an environment for germs to grow.

In preparation for the morning blood draw and examination, the following are recommended:

• to have a meal the night before.
• the last meal should be taken up to 11-12 hours before blood sampling.
• the evening meal should have as little animal fat as possible (if it contains cheeses, fatty dairy products and meats).
• in the morning no meal should be taken, only coffee and a piece of toast, with free drinking of water.

For taking urine for their simple general examination, it is taken first thing in the morning, after local washing with plenty of water, without soap.

To obtain the 24-hour urine:

• ALL urine is collected during a 24-hour period, in a suitable container(s) that you can get from the pharmacy.
• it does not need special maintenance during the reception, but in the summer it is desirable to store the container in the refrigerator.

The cost of analyzes additional to the basic Check up is 50 euros

Prenatal checkup

Prenatal testing analyzes blood parameters for possible diseases and infections in the future mother, which can endanger her or her pregnancy, as well as the health of the child to be born.

General blood: hematocrit, white blood cells and platelets are checked. The expectant mother is checked for anemias, systemic infections, inflammations and coagulation factor sufficiency.

Hemoglobin electrophoresis and sickle test: check for heterozygosity for β-thalassemia (stigmatism of Mediterranean anemia). In case of a positive result, further control of the future father is absolutely necessary.

Blood group and rhesus: performed to determine if the mother will need special treatment during pregnancy. In case of negative rhesus, we proceed to perform indirect Coombs.

Fasting sugar (glu), Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c): ensure the absence of diabetes, for the smooth and safe growth rate of the fetus. Possible high sugar levels and diabetes are combined with particularly large fetuses and increased risk in pregnancy – birth. Because diabetes can appear during pregnancy, doctors also recommend the sugar curve from the sixth month of pregnancy, in order to ensure the absence of transient – pseudo – diabetes of pregnancy.

TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), anti-TPO (anti-thyroid antibodies), anti-TG (anti-thyroglobulin antibodies): control the regulation of thyroid function, which determines the body’s overall metabolism and affects the course of pregnancy. The control of antibodies also controls the possibility of autoimmune thyroiditis, which during pregnancy may threaten her safety.

Antibodies against Toxoplasma (Toxo IgG/IgM): by measuring them we find possible old infection and immunity against Toxoplasma (Toxoplasma is mainly transmitted by the faeces of infected cats, contaminated undercooked meat, contaminated vegetables that have not been washed well and kitchen utensils from undercooked meats and contaminated water). In case of absence of antibodies (negative result), it is necessary to re-check this test during pregnancy.

Antibodies against rubella (Rubella IgG/IgM): by measuring them, we establish a possible past infection and immunization against the rubella virus. Rubella is a mild infectious exanthematous disease that mainly affects children, who have not been vaccinated. In the absence of antibodies (negative result), it is necessary to re-check this test during pregnancy.

Antibodies against cytomegalovirus (CMV IgG/IgM): CMV is a herpes virus that is transmitted mainly through the blood and with these tests we find out if there is an old infection and immunity in the mother. In the absence of antibodies, retesting during pregnancy is necessary.

VDRL: in recent years with the movement of populations, there has been an increase in cases of sexually transmitted syphilis. With this examination, we check if there is a bacterial infection, so that the appropriate treatment can be given to the mother in time for the safety of the baby.

Hepatitis B, C and AIDS, (HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV I/II): testing for these viruses is essential, as they can be asymptomatic even in an advanced stage of infection. Appropriate measures can protect the unborn child from infection and protect the mother in a timely and effective manner.

Listeria: mainly transmitted by soft cheeses (brie & camembert and cheeses containing blue substances such as Danish Blue & Stilton), raw uncooked meat, poultry and fish, as it survives in refrigerator temperatures. Although listeria infection is not very common, testing for possible infection is recommended for pregnancy safety.

Vaginal cultures, general urine – culture: they are done so that, if needed, the appropriate treatments can be given in time and there are no complications due to infection during pregnancy. During pregnancy, it is known that the choice of available drugs for treatment is smaller.

Additional genetic testing with DNA analyses, (especially in cases with families with corresponding cases) in

1. cystic fibrosis, the second most common serious genital disease after thalassemia

In case of pregnancy at an advanced age or with a history of miscarriage, additional genetic testing is recommended

1. thrombophilia

In preparation for the morning blood draw and examination, the following are recommended:

• the obligatory meal the night before.
• the reception of the last meal should be up to 11-12 hours before the blood collection.
• the evening meal should have as little animal fat as possible (mainly in terms of cheese, fatty dairy and meat).
• in the morning we should not have breakfast, only coffee and a piece of toast, with free drinking of water.

Results are given within 3 working days.

The cost of the prenatal check-up starts from 150 euros for the basic prenatal check-up. The price does not include genetic check-up tests, e.g. cystic fibrosis – thrombophilia, etc.

Sexually transmitted diseases

Sexually transmitted diseases are preventively controlled, as their transmission is most often carried out by people who have not realized that they are suffering from them. This is because the time for the appearance of clinical symptoms and discomfort ranges from a few months to several years.

A’ Level of analyses, particularly dangerous infections:

Hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV): are viral infections that affect the liver.

• Type B is particularly easily transmitted (even with a kiss). In the acute phase of infection, hepatitis B can become life-threatening. Its early diagnosis is necessary to take appropriate prophylactic measures for the infected person himself. The hepatitis B vaccine prevents its transmission. However, in order for the vaccine to remain effective, the adequacy of antibodies (anti-HBs) should be checked at regular intervals in order to meet the need for booster vaccination in time. The test for hepatitis B (HBsAg) detects the infection, approximately 20 days after the day of transmission of the virus.
• Type C is more difficult to transmit, but turns into a chronic infection and is extremely dangerous for the development of the fatal liver cirrhosis but liver cancer. Early diagnosis allows for the necessary treatment and eradication of the disease before damage occurs. The test detects the infection, 3 months after the day of transmission of the virus with reliability >95%

HIV-Ag (p24) + anti-HIV I/Io/II: The virus is detected by the most reliable and sensitive method of its direct determination (antigen Ag P24) and the simultaneous detection of the antibodies developed by the body to both types ( I & II ). Its early detection is extremely important for early medical treatment of the infection, and its transition to chronic diseases, with proportionally much lower risk. The test detects the infection approximately 30 days after the day of transmission of the virus with 95% reliability >

In the event that there is a need for more rapid detection of hepatitis B & C infections as well as HIV, we perform the corresponding HBV, HCV, HIV molecular biology tests, which are practically 100% reliable.

In the event that the possible time of infection is up to three 24-hours, go to or contact IMMEDIATELY the centers of Special Infections of large public hospitals or KELPNO so that you can be given, if possible, the preventive treatment that avoids the transmission of the infection

Syphilis: a bacterial infection detected by the VDRL blood test. The disease affects the mucous membranes and creates sores on the skin, making it extremely easy to transmit other diseases. It is easily treatable with antibiotics.

B’ Level of analyses, infections with long-term damage to the genital system

The effects they have on health are long-term and can often be particularly destructive for the reproductive system. Among the effects, are:

• infertility for men and women.
• vulvitis and cervicitis, which increase the possibility of ectopic pregnancies.
• cervical cancer.
• skin lesions.
• severe systemic diseases with serious complications in a future pregnancy.

If you are diagnosed with any sexually transmitted disease, you should inform your recent sexual partners so that they too can be tested.

The analyzes we propose are for the detection of:

• Aerobic and anaerobic culture for the detection of common microbes and fungi.
• Chlamydia, Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma: detected by special culture and are the most common bacterial infections of the genital system, which are usually asymptomatic. Any infection is treated with a simple antibiotic, while its long-term untreated presence has serious effects, even on children who may be born in the future.
• Gonorrhea: a bacterial infection detected by culture that is easily treatable with antibiotics, but if left untreated, can cause infertility.

• Human papillomavirus (HPV): the main cause of cervical cancer, while it is also detected in a very large percentage of breast cancers. It is most often detected indirectly, with the Pap test. Because there are many types of the virus, among which few are dangerous, when we need to confirm HPV infection, we detect, with specialized molecular biology tests, only the dangerous types (HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 45 , 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, and 73 ). The molecular biology test is recommended on the recommendation of the gynecologist.
• Herpes labialis (I), genital organs (II) (HSV I/II): once a person is infected with herpes virus, then they become a chronic carrier of the virus, which manifests periodic symptoms with characteristic skin irritations and rashes. It is transmitted through contact with an infected area, during its activation phase (with rashes).

Cultures for women are recommended to be done on the 12th-15th day of the period and are performed by taking vaginal discharge. You will need to contact the lab to make an appointment.

For men, cultures are done by appointment. Avoid urinating 2-3 hours before taking the sample

Blood tests are done without any preparation every day.

The results for hepatitis B, C, VDRL & HIV are given the next day (as long as the blood collection has been done by 12.30 at the latest).

The results of the crops come out in 2-3 working days.

The test for hepatitis, AIDS, syphilis (HBsAg, Anti-HCV, Anti-HIV, VDRL) is 50 euros.

Cultures in aerobic, anaerobic, ureaplasma fungi, chlamydia mycoplasma are 50 euros.

HPV/DNA is 100 euros.

Polycystic ovary syndrome ovaries

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the main causes of infertility in women, but also a factor in more general gynecological problems. It affects 5-10% of women from adolescence, and is the most common gynecological disorder.

It is usually expressed with unexpected hair growth on the chest, abdomen and face, combined with an unstable – problematic menstrual cycle. Laboratory-wise, it can be seen from an imbalance in multiple hormone levels, with androgen overproduction being the most common.

The earlier we detect the hormonal changes and, by extension, diagnose PCOS, the faster and more timely the appropriate treatment instructions will be given by the doctor, minimizing its consequences.

The analyzes we carry out are made with a careful selection and on a case-by-case basis, between:

Relationship – ratio of LH/FSH hormones: in PCOS it increases from 1:1 to 2:1, up to 3:1 and for many it is a diagnostic criterion for the disease.

Prolactin (PRL): its elevated levels can be associated with PCOS.

Testosterone free (free-testo) and total (testo): are found elevated in most cases of PCOS.

Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S): in case of PCOS, an average increase in its price is expected. This test is also used to assess possible adrenal hyperfunction.

Estrogen (E2): may be normal or at lower than expected values and its measurement helps us to assess ovarian function.

SHBG (sex-binding protein): in case of PCOS it can be found reduced.

Androstenedione (D-4): tested as an independent androgen, indirectly assessing possible adrenal hyperfunction.

β-chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG): is measured to check for possible pregnancy, as a disturbed cycle and delays in menstruation are often also symptoms of PCOS.

Lipid profile: often found disturbed with low HDL, high LDL, as well as significant changes in total cholesterol and triglycerides.

Fasting glucose, glucose tolerance test: can show possible dysregulation of carbohydrate metabolism.

Insulin (ins): often found elevated. Its regulation is necessary because elevated insulin levels can lead to glucose tolerance.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): its measurement is recommended for the early detection of hypothyroidism that may occur in these cases.

CA 125 (carbohydrate antigen 125): an indicator of neoplasia / inflammation at the level of the ovaries, which may also indicate the simultaneous existence of endometriosis.

The preparation is the classic one that we also do for general Check ups.

For the control of PMS, the blood must be taken on the 3rd-5th of the period (the first day is considered the day when the period first appears if it is before 20.00 in the evening, otherwise the next day is taken as the first).

Results are given in 1-2 working days.

The cost of the test varies, depending on the case and the analyzes that will be selected.

Cholesterol – Dyslipidemia

Lipids and cholesterol are largely responsible for the gradual narrowing of the vessels, thus indirectly threatening the heart (with myocardial infarction) but also the brain (risk of stroke) and the lungs (risk of pulmonary embolism) with obstructive diseases. The process of the “building” of the vessels from atheromatous plaques is a slow and long-term process and is related to the levels of lipids in the blood. That is why cholesterol is used as a long-term risk indicator of atherosclerotic disease.

To assess possible dyslipidemia and calculate the degree of risk for coronary heart disease due to it, it is necessary to measure multiple parameters.

Thus, it is recommended to measure:

Cholesterol (Chol): is the total of dietary and endogenously produced cholesterol from the liver.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL): the protective “good” cholesterol we want as high as possible. Its regulation is done through good nutrition and exercise, but also by stopping smoking.

Low-density cholesterol (LDL): the harmful “bad” cholesterol which we regulate mainly through nutrition and then pharmaceuticals, if this is deemed necessary.

Very high density cholesterol (VLDL): part of cholesterol, which is assessed independently.

Triglycerides (Trig): the lipids which are highly dependent on the diet and the fats we consume. Their high values are evaluated in the selection of hypocholesterolemic therapy.

Total lipids: the total lipids that are associated with atherosclerotic disease and cardiovascular risk.

Atherosclerotic index: the ratio of cholesterol to HDL and shows the extent to which HDL protects the vessels and the heart from the effect of cholesterol.

Lipoprotein-[Lp(a)], wpcodeself​​: an independent lipid that is an additional risk marker for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1): provides information on the protective capacity of HDL.

Apolipoprotein B (Apo-B and Apo-B100): gives information about the harmfulness of LDL.

Apolipoprotein E (Apo-E): evaluated to assess specific types of dyslipidemia and the effectiveness of statin medication.

For those with a dyslipidemia problem, it is recommended that cardiovascular risk screening be done, especially in cases where there is a family history of cardiovascular disease, or if the examinee is overweight or diabetic or has a history of diabetes or is a smoker.

preparation for the morning blood draw and examination, the following are recommended:

• to have a meal the night before.
• the last meal should be taken up to 11-12 hours before blood sampling.
• the evening meal should have as little animal fat as possible (if it contains cheeses, fatty dairy products and meats).
• in the morning no meal should be taken, only coffee and a piece of toast, with free drinking of water.

The results are given the same day.

The cost for the basic check-up starts from 20 euros and includes cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, total lipids, atheromatous index and is configured according to the tests you choose