Biochemical Guidelines
For special cases, consult your doctor or one of the experienced scientific staff of HealthSpot who will always be there to serve you.
Random voiding urine collection
Random urine samples (general urinalysis) are collected in a special sterile container (urine collector).
The mid-morning urine is taken after thorough cleaning of the genital area.
24-hour urine collection
The 24-hour urine is collected in a special calibrated container and stored in the refrigerator (temperature +2 0C to + 8 0C).
Α. 24-hour urine collection
The first morning urine is not collected. The second urination as well as all the others are collected in a special container.
Urine is collected until the first morning urination of the next day. The first morning urination of the first and second day must be at the same time. No urine should be collected.
Β. Diets for 24-hour urine collection
Diet for the following exams
Metanephrines
NOR-Metanephrine
Catecholamines
Dopamine
Adrenaline
NOR-Adrenaline
VMA
HVA
One 24 hours before and during the collection, consumption of the following is prohibited:
Chocolate, cocoa, tea, coffee
Vanilla, and its contents (sweets, creams, candies, ice creams, etc.)
Nuts
Bananas
Spirits
Bottled drinks (oranges, Coca-Cola)
Beetroot
Three 24 hours before and during the collection, the use of drugs is prohibited.
Before stopping the medication, contact your doctor.
Diet for 24-hour urine calcium collection
Calcium and osteoporosis-related hormones should not be taken for at least 3 days prior to the day of collection.
URINE EXAMINATIONS (GENERAL URINE, URINE CULTURE, 24-HOUR URINE COLLECTION)
Wash the external genitalia, very thoroughly with soap and water (do not use antiseptic. Rinse with plenty of water. Dry with a clean towel.
In a wide-mouthed sterile container, collect urine from the midpoint of voiding. Allow the first urine to flow and collect the midstream urine in the sterile container.
Preferably collect morning urine.
They must be delivered to the laboratory within half an hour of receipt, otherwise they are placed in the refrigerator until they are delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible.
Urine culture should be performed prior to antibiotic therapy. If you have taken an antibiotic before, please inform the laboratory staff.
Vaginal Culture: Good external washing with plain soapy water. Indoor washing is prohibited. Avoiding sexual contact.ς.
Sputum Culture: Rinse the mouth with water before taking. Morning sample after deep expectoration (no saliva).
TAIL FOR GROWING INTO BABIES
Very good external washing with soapy water (not antiseptic, the use of any cream is prohibited) and placing a special bag to collect the urine from the pharmacy. Maximum stay 1 hour. If we exceed 1 hour, we repeat the process from the beginning. If the baby is acted upon, the procedure is repeated again from the beginning due to the inappropriateness of the sample.
Method of 24-Hour Urine Collection
The first morning urine is not collected. You will collect the second urination as well as all the others in a special container that you will get from the pharmacy. Collect up to the first morning urine of the next day. The first morning urination of the first and second day should be at the same time. If necessary, use a second container. Be careful not to skip any urination because the procedure will have to be repeated. During the collection the urine is kept in the refrigerator.
Method of 2-Hour Urine Collection
The examinee must be fasting from 9 pm. From this time until he lies down, a glass of water is allowed. The first morning urination is performed and then the examinee must drink 1-2 glasses of water. Then, in the next 2 hours from the first morning urination, all urine is collected in a special container and brought to the laboratory.
17 OHCS : Antibiotics, ACTH and corticosteroids should be avoided for two days before collection and during collection. Avoiding stress is essential during collection.
24-HOUR URINE CATECHOLAMINE: For 3 days before and during the collection, the following foods should be avoided:
Chocolate – Cocoa
Coffee – Tea
Coca Cola – Vanilla
Sweets – Caramel creams – Ice creams
Oranges – Tangerines – Lemons – Citrus
Bananas – Pineapples
Bottled or canned juices and soft drinks
Nuts
Cheeses
Sauces – Spices – Curds – Jelly
Alcohol
Aspirin and antihypertensive drugs
Smoking
For another 3 weeks, the following drugs should be avoided: Dopamine – Phenothiazines – α – β Blockers – Diamines – Aspirin – Vitamin B.
2-HOUR URINE CALCIUM: Calcium and osteoporosis-related hormones should not be taken for at least 3 days prior to the day of collection. All urine must be collected and not part of it. The usual diet requires taking 2-3 glasses of milk or similar yogurt the day before collection.
24-HOUR URINE CORTISL : Antibiotics, ACTH and corticosteroids should be avoided for 2 days before collection and during collection. Avoiding stress is essential during collection.
24-HOUR URINE ALDOSTERONE: Diuretics, antihypertensives, cyclic progesterone, estrogens should not be taken for 2-5 weeks. A normal sodium diet (100 – 200 mmole/24h) must also be followed for 3 weeks.
24-HOUR URINE ADRENALINE: For 2 weeks before the collection, the examinee must not take:
Dopamine
A & B Inhibitors
Diamine
Vitamin B
Caffeine and tea should not be taken during urine collection. The sample should be kept in a dark cool place preferably in the refrigerator and taken to the laboratory as soon as possible.
24-HOUR URINE CORTISL : Antibiotics, ACTH and corticosteroids should be avoided for 2 days before collection and during collection. Avoiding stress is essential during collection.
24-HOUR URINE VMA: It is forbidden for 2 weeks before collection to feed with:
Coffee
Tea
Bananas
Citrus fruits
Cocoa
Nuts
Vanilla
The following drugs must be avoided for 2 weeks:
Methyl dopa
Levodopa
Carbidopa
Reserpine
Pyridoxine
Aspirin
Amoxil
24-HOUR URINE METAnephrines: For 2 days before the collection, the examinee must not take:
Aspirin
Antibiotics
A & B Inhibitors
Vitamin B & C
Phenthiazine
Also should not be taken: caffeine, tea, chocolate, tea. The sample should be kept in a dark and cool place preferably in the refrigerator and taken to the laboratory as soon as possible.
Hematological and biochemical tests
For blood sampling to perform hematological and biochemical tests, a 12-hour fast is required, except for patients in special cases who should consult their attending physician.
Blood clotting test
If the patient is taking anticoagulants, they should not have taken them on the morning of the test. Fasting for 2 hours before the test is also recommended.
Immunological control
Blood sampling is carried out at any time of the day. No preparation required.
Sugar curve
The examination is always carried out in the morning.
A carbohydrate-based diet (pasta, potatoes, peas, fruit, etc.) is recommended for the three previous days.
General fasting and avoiding consumption of alcohol, tobacco products, as well as intense exercise in the previous 12 hours before the examination are recommended. If the examinee is receiving medication, he should have previously informed the doctor about a possible temporary interruption, as some medications may affect the result of the examination.
Hormonal control
No special diet is required to measure most hormones.
Parathormone and calcitonin: a 12-hour fast is required, which is why blood sampling is done in the morning.
FSH, LH, estradiol: Blood sampling is carried out on the 2nd-4th day of the cycle or on another day as directed by the attending physician.
Progesterone: Blood sampling is carried out on the 21st day of the cycle or another day as directed by the attending physician.
D4-Androstenedione: Morning intake is required due to the fluctuation of its levels during the day. Blood sampling during the first 5 or last 15 days of the cycle is recommended.
Testosterone: It is necessary to take in the morning because its levels change during the day. It is also necessary to avoid physical exercise or vigorous activity before the examination.
Cortisol: The measurement is carried out twice a day: in the morning when it shows the highest value and in the afternoon when the value drops.
Prolactin: Morning intake is required provided the patient has woken up about 3 hours before.
Thyroid hormones: Take in the morning before taking anti-thyroid drugs such as thyroxine. No special diet or fasting is required before thyroid hormone tests.
B-chorionic gonadotropin: It is recommended that the blood collection be carried out from the 2nd day of delayed menstruation onwards. In the case of IVF, B-chorionic gonadotropin certifies a pregnancy 14 days after embryo transfer.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Take in the morning after fasting for at least 8 hours.
Neoplastic markers
The examination is carried out at any time of the day without the need for a diet or other preparation.
GLUCOSE (GLU): A 12-hour fast is required, but it can be done at any time of the day.
GLUCAGON (GLYCA) : The examinee must fast for at least 12 hours before the blood collection. It is recommended that glucose levels be adjusted prior to glucagon testing. Plasma (EDTA) is used.
TRIGLYCERIDES (TG): A 12-hour fast is required as well as abstaining from alcoholic beverages for 3 days.
TOTAL CHOLESTEROL (T-CHO), HDL CHOLESTEROL (HDL-C), LDL CHOLESTEROL (LDL-C), VLDL CHOLESTEROL (VLDL-C): A 12-hour fast is required (only coffee water and no sugar)..Avoid alcohol for at least 3 days.
GLYCOSYLATED HEMOSPHERIN (HbA l c) : Affected by aspirin intake, transfusions. It concerns the stay of glucose inside the red blood cells for long periods of time.
IRON (Fe) : For the measurement of which a 12-hour diet is required. Vitamins should not be taken.
IRON-BINDING CAPACITY (TIBC), SIDEROPHYLLIN (TRF) : The examinee must be fasting before the blood collection, which is done in the morning. In case the examinee is under medical treatment, the blood sampling is done before receiving the scheduled dose.
FERRITIN: A 2-hour fast is required.
ATHEROMATIC INDEX: The examinee must be fasting for 12 hours before the blood collection (only coffee water and no sugar). He must also be on a stable diet for the last 3 weeks before the blood draw. It is also forbidden to use alcohol for at least 3 days before.
HOMOCYSTEINE: The examinee must fast for 12 hours. It is recommended to avoid methotrexate, phenytoin, antiepileptics, dopa, cholestyramine. Exposure to N2O (anesthesia) is also prohibited. Taking contraceptives or hormone therapies and pregnancy decrease serum levels. B12 deficiency causes an increase in prices.
ALL APOLIPOPROTEINS: The subject must fast for 12 hours before the blood draw.
TOTAL CALCIUM (Ca): The blood sample must be taken in the morning, due to the daily fluctuations, with the examined person fasting for at least 8 hours.
LACTIC ACID (LAC) : The examinee must be fasted and relaxed before the blood collection, which must be done in the morning (6 – 9 am).
LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE ISOENZYME (LDHI) : The examinee must be fasting before the blood collection, abstinence from alcohol, antifungals, antiepileptics, antibiotics and heparin.
CREATINE: The examinee must fast for at least 2 hours before the blood collection.
OXALOACETIC TRANSAMINASE (SGOT, AST), PYROSTAPHYL TRANSAMINASE (SGPT, ALT) : The examinee must be fasting before the blood collection.
FRUCTOSAMINE: The examinee must fast for at least 8 hours before the blood draw. Ascorbic acid should be avoided for 48 hours before blood sampling.
FOLIC ACID : Fasted at least 8 hours before blood sampling, which must be done before the scheduled therapeutic dose.
PHOSPHOLIPIDS: Fasted for 12 hours before blood sampling.
COPPER (Cu): Before the blood collection, the use of antiepileptics and estrogens is not allowed for those under treatment. Blood sampling should be done in the morning (6 – 9 am).
CHLORIDE (Cl): Fasting before blood collection.
ZINC (Zn) : The examinee must fast for at least 8 hours before the blood collection, which must be done in the morning (6 – 9 am).
TOTAL CHOLERUTHIN (T-Bil) : Fasting before blood sampling for at least 2 hours.
PROTHROMBIN TIME (PT), ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME (APTT), PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME (PTT) : Fasted for at least 2 hours.
PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE (CHE): Fasting at least 8 hours before blood sampling.
CALCITONIN (CT) : Fasting for 8 hours is required. It is best to take it in the morning.
INSULIN (INS), PROINSULIN : The subject must fast for at least 8 hours before the blood collection. A morning blood draw is recommended.
GROWTH HORMONE (GH) : Fasting for 8 hours and complete immobility for a few minutes is required to avoid
CALMNESS AND FATIGUE RENIN (STANDING AND SLEEPING): The following should not be taken for 24 hours: diuretics, antihypertensives, cyclic progesterone, estrogens, steroids, caffeine.
SEROTONIN (5-OH TRYPTAMINE): Drugs that inhibit monoamine oxidation must be avoided for 3 days, and tomatoes, bananas, plums, eggplants, chestnuts must also be avoided.
GASTRINI: The examinee must be fasting at least 12 hours before the blood collection. The value of the test increases after a meal with animal proteins.
CALMNESS AND FATIGUE ALDOSTERONE: The following should not be taken for 2-5 weeks: diuretics, antihypertensives, cyclic progesterone, estrogens. A normal sodium diet (100 – 200 mmole/24h) must be followed for 3 weeks.
D4 ANDROSTENDIONE (D4A) : Morning intake is required due to daily fluctuation of levels. It is best to do it in the first 5 or the last 15 days of the cycle.
THYROSPHERIN(TG) : Before taking, biopsy, surgery, scintigraphy and radioidine treatment must not have been done for at least 2 weeks.
THYROXINE (T4), FREE THYROXINE (FT4) (TSH) Thyroid Gland Control : The examinee must be fasting before the blood collection. If he is under treatment, the blood sample must be taken before taking the planned therapeutic dose (unless there are specific instructions from the treating physician)
PLASMA ADRENALINE: Fasting and without having smoked for 4 hours before blood sampling. Nuts, bananas, coffee, tea, vanilla, aromatic apples are prohibited for 6 days before the blood draw. It is also forbidden to take the following drugs 3 days before the blood draw: α-methyldopa, methenamine, hydralazine, ampicillin, sulfonamides.
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH): The examinee must fast at least 8 hours before the blood collection. Blood sampling should be done in the morning.
PARATHORMONE (PTH) : The test subject must fast for 12 hours before the blood collection, which must be done in the morning (7 – 10 am).
PROLACTIN (PRL): Blood sampling should be done in the morning provided the examinee has woken up 2-3 hours before the blood sampling, the use of phenothiazines, estrogens, antihypertensives, amphetamines, α-methyldopa.
ACTH (ACTH): The examinee must be fasting before the blood collection, which must be done in the morning (8 – 10 am).
According to the doctor’s instructions. We suggest for FSH – LH – E2 in the first 2-3 days of the period.
PRG on the 21st day of the cycle.
Blood collection at any time of the day
Blood collection at any time of the day
Blood collection at any time of the day
The following are prohibited:
– Beets
– Teeth brushing
– Taking aspirin and anti-inflammatories
– Iron intake
– Consumption of foods with muscle fibers (meat)
The test should not be performed during menstruation, bleeding hemorrhoids or anal fissures.
On the day of the examination, the patient should not wash internally (intravaginally) and externally in the area. Also, vaginal suppositories and ointments should not have been used three days before the examination.
*For all cultures you should not have received antibiotic treatment in the last week before the examination (always in consultation with your attending physician).
Local washing is recommended and if the patient urinates he should come to the laboratory for sample collection within 1 hour
*For all cultures you should not have received antibiotic treatment in the last week before the examination (always in consultation with your attending physician).